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Objective: To identify whether positive, negative, or zero work is being done, to identify the force that is doing the work, and to describe the energy transformation associated with such work.

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Wire Gauge and Characteristics

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Identify the basic relationships expressed by the data in Table 1.

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Relate the characteristics of a wire to its current-carrying capacity. 

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Ampacity

Analyze the relationship among multiple variables and predict the changes that must be made in a variable to double or half the value of another variable.

The Basic Patterns

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Higher Reasoning

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Wire Gauge and Characteristics Electrical wiring in homes and businesses consist of wires with a circular cross-section. They come in a variety of sizes, often referred to as the wire gauge. The American Wire Gauge (AWG) is a standardized system for expressing the size of a round, solid, non-iron conducting wire. While most of the wires used in household circuits are 12-gauge and 14-gauge, wires of other sizes are used for hobby applications (e.g., train layouts, speaker wiring) and long-distance power transmission. The gauge of a wire indicates information about the diameter, cross-sectional area, and expected resistance. Table 1 illustrates these relationships for several gauges. The amount of current that can be safely carried by a wire is affected by the wire gauge. A variety of factors in addition to gauge affect this current-carrying capacity - referred to as ampacity. Such characteristics include the nature of the insulating material wrapped around the wire, the temperature of the surroundings, the number of nearby wires, etc. The National Electrical Code (NEC) provides guidelines for the safe installation of electrical wiring in the United States. Table 2 lists ampacities for various gauge wires used in houses, business, and for power transmission. Ratings apply to wires having plastic insulation with temperature ratings of 60°C, 75°C, and 90°C.

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1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1,1

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Basic Patterns,Higher Reasoning,Ampacity

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